Carbothermal reduction of mill scales formed on steel billets during continuous casting

Abstract A billet is a bar made from crude steel which surface contains scales are rich in iron oxides. This study presents the carbothermal reduction of formed billets. The process included reaction oxides contents with carbon (in ratio 5:1) and annealing tubular furnace under argon atmosphere. occurred reactions discussed using thermodynamic calculations thermal analysis indicate three-stage Fe 3 O 4 ➔ FeO C ➔α-Fe intermediate at interval temperature 960 1300 °C. X-ray diffraction confirms to α-Fe minor presence unreacted C, magnetite wustite. Mössbauer spectroscopy was performed room where typical sextet corresponding dominant shown as well wustite, cementite lesser extent. magnetization measurements confirm ferromagnetic state α-Fe.